Sunday, August 23, 2020

History os Asian Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History os Asian Art - Research Paper Example During this period, the ding had been secularized thus its other reason included cooking and serving nourishments and wine separated from the other ceremonial capacities. Dings were predominantly utilized in the family units of rulers especially the regal families. They were images of status inside the Chinese society and were likewise introduced as blessings to remote rulers. In case of death of the individuals from the government, they would be covered with the vessels which were intended to be utilized in the other world in serving the spirits (An all inclusive guide for China contemplates, n.p). The bronze lidded vessel (ding) is roundabout fit as a fiddle. It has two handles with each handle put on either side of the vessel. Its three legs are joined independently at the base of the vessel. Then again, the cover is put at the top (opening) of the vessel. There are sculptures of creatures perfectly bended on the top that is, a lioness and a tiger. On its surface, it is brightened with drawings of monsters and it is intertwined examples of spirals (AMICA

Friday, August 21, 2020

PHIL 226 The Moral Psychology of Good and Evil †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the PHIL 226 The Moral Psychology of Good and Evil. Answer: Milgram Obedience Experiment from the points of view of contending speculations of abhorrence There was a renowned report that was being inquired about by an exceptionally well known individual named Milgram in the year, 1963. There were numerous examinations which were being acted so as to see that there is struggle between factors that is compliance to the power and individual inner voice. So as to demonstrate this, Stanley Milgram completed the trial which was centered basically around the above explanation on struggle between the acquiescence to power and individual still, small voice (Sampson 2015). He has actualized various trials which was from the World War II. In the war there was an example that the people who was being attempted in the criminal official courtroom, and which gave a typical reason that they were following the sets of their bosses. Corresponding to this, Stanley Milgram attempted to glance through in his trial that how far an individual will go so as to adhere to guidance and what job does individual still, small voice play in this situation. The examination began in July, 1961, the year where the preliminary of Adolf Eichmann Jerusalem was completed. Milgram needed to realize that whether Eichmann was truly following requests or not. So he needed to experience and acknowledge from the test that how far an individual go to follow the requests from their bosses (Parmar 2017). The Germans were known for their acquiescence towards their seniors or authority. In this way to play out his trial he accepting the Germans as they were extremely loyal towards their figures that are in power. In such manner he likewise gave a paper ad in order to get male members. The members were picked as the educator with the goal that they see how far an individual will go to comply with the request for the power figures. He needed to know the ordinary citizens who can be affected so that they go to a far degree in order to offer agony to others for obeying orders (Reicher, Haslam and Miller 2014). The Stanford Prison analyze (SPE) from the points of view of contending hypotheses of insidiousness It is one of the most eminent or the most well known investigation which was being completed by Stanford in the long stretches of the history in the field of brain science. Stanford Prison has probed the human instinct and human brain research according to insidious. He examined that reality that on the off chance that an individual faces a damaging circumstance, at that point what will be the moment response of that individual and does he overlook the habits and ties in that specific circumstance (Gerrig et al. 2105). At that point Stanford Prison played out the trial on the celebrated examination on the historical backdrop of the subject brain research. The aftereffect of the above analysis was frightening since it has reached clearing inferences about the human instinct and the advancement on the idea of malice. He has additionally tested that the force that a terrible or an injurious circumstance has, with the goal that it can actuate or enjoy the great individuals in submitting or doing underhanded. Specifically, Phil Zimbarid played out the above examination so they can show that there is a solid situational power which overridingly affects the character of the good and moral qualities along these lines the last will be of little or less tally. He asserted that when an individual is placed into a circumstance where he has the ability to have power over others like that the gatekeepers in the jail have on the detainees, and this will be the Act which is harsh as it were (Zimbardo, Breckenridge and Moghaddam 2015). Further, the aftereffects of the test were applied to the detainee. The confinements of the examination were that the size was little and the ill-advised way the analysis was led. Closer assessment was directed and it uncovered the way that the sufficient test was led and there was no good record where the distinctions in the individual conduct were appeared by the members who have been offered (Adams and Balfour 2014). As per Haney, this depicts the theory shielded the poor state of the detainees in penitentiaries to abhorrent detainees. The pundits said that the framework is poor in the jail because of the poor condition given by the watchmen. This clarification is to such an extent that it will move us away from the social, monetary and political causes that are hard to change without the social change (Mastroianni, 2015.). A couple of years before the examination paper impacts the results of the analysis and the individuals who need to chip in the investigation on the life in the jail will have particular character attributes which will make them act to be in a damaging conduct (Gulley 2015). Regardless of whether the hypothesis of Stanford or Milgram tests the hypothesis of wickedness which gives the most persuading account regarding moral malevolence and the most conceivable examination At the beginning of the examination by Stanford they were given and acquaint with another member, who was working with the trial. There are two rooms which have been utilized by the student and again by the educator to explore different avenues regarding an electric stun generator. The student was taken to be caught into the seats with terminals and the educator tests given to him by naming a word and requesting that the student review its accomplice from the decisions given. The hypothesis clarifies that watches in the jail who acted in a ruthless path are because of the explanation they are fierce fiendishness individual. In the narrative of the existence venture, Phil Zimbardo uncovered in his famousStanford Prison Experiment(SPE) and the similarly famousMilgram experimenton compliance to power with the shameful occasions at the Abu Ghraib jail during the war in Iraq. The primary concern is that ll the individuals ought to be answerable for their own deed and furthermore analyze the situational set of accepted rules. The people or the circumstance ought to have the option to sort accordingly.The finish of the book proposes to keep on considering the intensity of Situational and Systemic powers that can impact typical people to submit malicious, heartless acts, yet in addition with the idea of turning that impact toward chivalrous, others conscious conduct. The Psychology of fiendishness The circumstance transformational of the characters starts with the inquiries of am I fit for fiendish Zimbardo then pondered the certainties that the world is loaded up with both great and malice. The principles were utilized to communicate the agreeable setting where the watchmen, the gatekeepers affirmed their new authority with imaginative malevolence or inaction, while the detainees turned out to be fairly compliant. The SPE: Ethics and Extensions In this examination which included that no double dealing for review by the outcasts and the section conceals the follow accounts of numerous individuals required just as the ideas which will prompt further research. Can common intentions lead to abhorrent In the couple of years the logicians said that they accepted the idea of abhorrence. The researcher, writer and the lawmakers inspected all the political, social, legitimate and scholarly idea of being malevolent. They attempted to react to the monstrosities of frightfulness in eighty years and they couldn't catch the ethical centrality of these activity which recognizes an inappropriate or malevolence (Rosenbaum 2014). The thought processes to term abhorrent has two implications, right off the bat there is a more extensive idea and furthermore the limited idea. The primary idea of shrewdness implies that the awful or the unfair situation. Fiendish is of two sorts right off the bat the characteristic insidious and afterward the ethical shrewdness. Regular shrewdness are characterized as those which results from the carelessness of good specialists. The most noteworthy case of good underhandedness is murder or lying and storms being a case of normal abhorrence (Miller 2016). At the point when an individual has a common thought process it may at some point lead him to fiendish. It is accepted that no people have all the characteristics of being acceptable and neither one of the its is conceivable that they have all the traits if being malicious. Qualification between detestable activities and abhorrence people It is seen that individuals are compelled to obey things when they are constrained. The analyst Stanley Milgram has looked into on the impact of expert on submission. Milgram has tested that during his primary different backgrounds, the respondent was advised to explore the examination which prompts underhanded activities or shrewdness people (Godwyn 2017). They were given a token cash for taking an interest in an honor. Both the activities of being an educator well as the understudy were given to them, yet finally they assumed the job of the understudy . The primary contrasts are that there is nothing so abhorrent individual, in this way an individual who plays out a shrewd activity is supposed to be a malevolent individual by the whole gang. No individual is malevolent by birth, just the individual who performs detestable activity or their set of accepted rules is insidious is supposed to be a malicious individual in the general public (Brannigan 2013). Impact of situational factors on abhorrent direct is commonly more significant than character in clarifying malevolence The facts confirm that the situational factors are a lot of basic and significant in deciding the way that that whether the demonstration is abhorrent or not. In the year 1975, a therapist Albert Bandura, tested that while during a case they were solicited to work with the understudies from another school. In one assignment the help called the gathering of understudies as creatures and in another they called the understudies in that bunch pleasant individuals. Albert Bandura found that all the understudies needed tp accept that there is an expansion in the degree of the tension in the degree of the understudies and they heard them called as creatures. It is seen that the individuals are more forceful when they were told creatures than when they were told pleasant (Baumeister, Ainsworth and Vohs, 2016). References Adams, G. what's more, Balfour, D., 2014.Unmasking regulatory malice. Routledge. Baumeister, R.F., Ainsworth, S.E. what's more, Vohs, K.D., 2016. Are bunches pretty much than the aggregate of their individuals? The directing job of individual identification.Behavioral and Brain Sciences,39. Brannigan, A., 2013.Beyond the b

Wednesday, July 8, 2020

Urban Farming Essay - 275 Words

Urban Farming (Essay Sample) Content: Students NameInstructors NameCourseDateUrban FarmingUrban agriculture is viewed in different perceptive by different people. The practice, which contemporarily entails converting idle land in urban areas into useful agricultural land, is believed to have both positive outcomes and negative ones, to the people living around such firms. As much as some people would consider the practice beneficial in reviving and stimulating local economies, others believe the exercise is a trigger to gentrification, which could be unfavorable to communities living around such farms.An urban firm can help a local economy in various ways. It facilitates local production of fresh foods that tend to supply local food stores with the produce thus ensuring money remains and circulate within the communities. Urban farms helps is creating local employment opportunities for those selected to work in them. Through such initiatives, it is believed that they help reduce crime rates by absorbing mo re youths to provide them with their source of money for survival and personal development. The practice further helps to convert useless urban lands, for instance, dump land and streams into productive lands. This gives them economic value, boosting the local economies.Gentrification is a phenomenon associated with rising value of land, a situation where the inhabitants of a certain piece of land can be displaced against their will, to create room for other practices that are perceived more socially and economically importa...

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Should The Juvenile Detention Facilities Be Allowed

Additionally, Ameen Lee (2010) are focused on what a juvenile is going to do after his or her detention is completed. These two researchers wanted to make it known that juveniles in detention, especially for a significant amount of time, need access to vocational training. Vocational training can aid in eliminating the down time a juvenile has. In turn, the detained juvenile is thought to have fewer violations, fewer punishments, as well as a greater chance for employment. Delinquent youth that are detained have had a disruption in the normal transition from a juvenile leading into the late teen years, and then onto adulthood. If these disruptions are not remedied, then the youth has a decreased chance of a normal life (Ameen Lee, 2010). Ameen Lee (2010) found that among all of the juvenile detention facilities in the country, there is not consensus or significant similarities in vocational training curriculum. With the lack of standardization, a detained youth may not receive the training he or she could benefit from. The United States Department of Justice published in 2000, reasons why there was a failure with the standardization. First, the findings mentioned that there were logistic and safety issues that hindered certain programs from being successful. Second, there was no one designated, or trained in place to be able to manage this type of a program. Third, some did not think it was worth it to develop these programs due to employers already placing a stigmaShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Justice Process Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe Juvenile Justice Process: A Breakdown of the System Dana R Kirkland Strayer University Abstract Although based on the adult criminal justice system, the juvenile justice process works differently. Juveniles can end up in court by way of arrest, truancy or for curfew violations or running away. A youth may also be referred to the juvenile court system by school officials or a parent or guardian for being continuously disobedient. The juvenile justice process involves several different stepsRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A State Level System Of Juvenile Correctional Facilities1597 Words   |  7 Pagessystem, about 1 million juveniles under the age of 18 are arrested each year. While violent crimes by juveniles are decreasing, the female juvenile population has grown tremendously. Both girls and boys who are in the juvenile system usually have problems at home and school that have put them at risk for delinquency. This includes maltreatment, poverty or both, and these factors may have a negative impact on their adjustment to adulthood. In the state of Connecticut, the juvenile justice system is aRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe way the courts deal with juvenile delinquents varies depending on the country. Even the age of criminal responsibility is different depending on the country. Most people think when you become 18 you are no longer a minor and can be charged as an adult, well in Japan until you are 20 you can still be charged as a minor. In germany they consider 21 a legal adult .On the other hand when you become 17 in Australia you are charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also differs. TheRead MoreJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 PagesContrast to Bryan Stevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers an d consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a good mix, accordingRead MoreDescription of Expectations of the Experience Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesExpectations of the Experience Next week I will be visiting the Ottawa County Juvenile Detention Facility, a forty bed corrections and rehabilitation center that houses both boys and girls ages eight to eighteen. I expect it to be very structured, and a very rigid schedule, and little privacy for the delinquents. I’m thinking that there will be guards, in uniforms, but no guns, Tasers, or batons. When I arrive on the detention complex grounds, there is going to be a fence with barbed wire at the topRead MoreThe Case Of Theft And Simple Assault Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesprogram such as aftercare (Kids Legal, 2013). As juvenile offenders, they will go to a juvenile court which is a private civil proceeding just for juveniles. This is more relaxed and will not result in a criminal record. An adult would have to go to a public criminal court with a formal environment and be charged with a crime resulting in a criminal record. Juveniles do not have the opportunity to a jury trial like adults do. Both juvenile and adult’s trials are adversarial and they may chooseRead MoreEvaluation Of The Corrections Officers At The Allen County Juvenile Detention Center1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe ability to apply acquired knowledge in a situation outside the typical educational structure often results in exceptional learning. The experience of working with the corrections officers at the Allen County Juvenile Detention Center helped me to think critically about the application of justice. There is much that can be said specifically about the correction officers and some of their attitudes and actio ns. They do contribute to the atmosphere, however, changing other aspects such as the rulesRead MoreEssay on Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice1997 Words   |  8 PagesOffice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found that high numbers of detention orders were being issued for status youth statewide. The main issue of concern was the valid court order exception to the DSO core requirement was used 2,000 times. This allowed judges to order non-delinquent youth in locked detention facility whose most serious violations involved repeat offenses of running away, skipping school or being rebelling against authority figures. The disturbing thing about thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Juvenile Treatment On The Justice System Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal behavior. So the focus on them is for punishment and keeping them away from society to prevent the opportunity to do more harm. When a juvenile is arrested for an offense, the police cannot hold them for longer than 2 hours or they should be released to a Juvenile Community Corrections Officer and held in a secure detention facility. They should not be questioned without a parent being present, and be kept separate from adults (Kids Legal, 2013). They are more impressionable and the timeRead MoreJuvenile Detention Centers And Its Impact On Rehabilitation2252 Words   |  10 PagesLiterature Review Introduction The juvenile justice system in America has been through numerous phases of growth. In recent years, it has endured extensive changes that have taken place as a product of reforms made to revitalize the innovative principle of juvenile justice, the idea of bringing individual justice and treatment to the heart of the system. This assessment of related literature looks particularly at the accessible studies on juvenile detention centers in order to prove the negative

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay about Exploring Different Styles of Popular Music

Exploring Different Styles of Popular Music In this project, I aim to explore the different styles of popular music that have been successful from the 1960s to the present in Spain, why they have been popular, where they originated from, their history and what the music is actually like. To find out a type of musics origins, it is sometimes helpful to know where the country is to find out where influences could have come from, and even a certain amount about the countrys history. So here is a map of Spain in context with part of its neighbouring countries. [IMAGE] Chapter 1RockMusicMany people have listened to the music included in this project, as it spans more than two generations. It†¦show more content†¦It has also been used for most types of social events; especially those organised by or planned with young people in mind. Because Spanish popular music can be divided into many categories (the main ones being pop and rock, but each of these having many subcategories which will be explored later in the project), and the fact that each of these categories has a particular type of style and mood, each type of Spanish popular music has been used for different types of events, depending on the mood that the particular style, or individual song sets. Radio and other forms of media have contributed greatly to the spread and popularity of Spanish rock and pop since 1960, the main radio station having been Los Cuarenta Principales. Increased airplay meant that pop and rock music became more widespread, finally dominating the traditional Spanish flamenco music in popularity in the late 1950s. As popularity increased, many more bands were formed, which meant that this form of music developed and many styles developed that broke away from the traditional pop of the early 1960s. Much of early Spanish rock and pop was greatly influenced by traditional flamenco. However, it progressedShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Era 1663 Words   |  7 Pagesnobler in mind to suffer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Music, poetry, and plays were important parts of entertainment during the Elizabethan era. Musicians composed new types of music, poets expressed their feeling through poetry, and playwrights wrote plays of different types of genres. Social classes and gender roles also contributed to the entertainment culture. During the Elizabethan era, people were entertained by sources of entertainment, such as plays, music, and poetry. Music was one of the many sources ofRead MoreThe History Of Western Music1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Western Music Throughout history all cultures have been influenced by music. Before the Baroque era in music there were many forms of western music. Most of this music was monophonic, sung in chant used mostly for religious purposes. During the previous millennia most music was sung in chant form with very little accompaniment, save a harp or a violin. In these times music was a simple art, sung by the people to praise the Lord. Eventually polyphonic music developed, first startingRead MoreRagtime And Blues : The History And Their Influence On Jazz1581 Words   |  7 Pagesclubs and from weddings to funerals, one element usually remained constant throughout all these events: the music that permeated the air. At most of these occasions, a band often performed as entertainment, providing many opportunities for musicians in the area to work. By the early 20th century, due to various factors such as mix of ethnicities and cultures with syncopated musical styles influenced by African-American traditio ns, the increase in non-reading musicians improvising melodies, and simplyRead MoreMusic : The Causes And Effects Of Modern Popular Music1259 Words   |  6 PagesMusic of this generation has been thought to be worse than other generations. There is always the argument that music has gotten worse, and both sides have equally strong evidence. Modern popular music has gotten worse, and that has always been the case, however there are a plethora of other genres and styles of music that still carry that authenticity and creativeness that we’re missing. Most of the reason for lack of creativity in music is corporate greed. Large companies like to release less inspiredRead MoreHip Hop Nationalism Essay examples944 Words   |  4 Pageshop is a form of art that has been popular for the past twenty years. Although people in recent years often mistake rap music as vulgar and ill-mannered, the hip hop community continues to provide a great way to channel emotion and soul into their m usic. In his article, â€Å"The State of Rap: Time and Place† Jeffrey Louis Decker illustrates the black nationalism within the hip hop community by exploring how Black Nationalism can be accounted for within the hip hop music. Before hip hop was introducedRead MoreJohn Coltrane Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Coltrane John Coltrane Jazz, taking its roots in African American folk music, has evolved, metamorphosed, and transposed itself over the last century to become a truly American art form. More than any other type of music, it places special emphasis on innovative individual interpretation. Instead of relying on a written score, the musician improvises. For each specific period or style through which jazz has gone through over the past seventy years, there is almost always a single personRead MoreEnlightenment And The Enlightenment Movement In The 18th Century975 Words   |  4 Pagescentury and 18th century arts, music, and architectures. Therefore, the question arise, how enlightenment revolution refined artists, musicians, and architects ideologies? Since, enlightenment create people have individual rights. Hight class people no longer suppressed by monarch or church, and emphasis on learning, arts, science, and music became widespread to middle class. 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Also with â€Å"Acid House† derived music, the nightclub inherited the underground rave culture that is synonymous with the designer drugs of the 90’s such as ecstasy. The national drug offences crime rate is at 4.5 were as Southwark council is 18.6 far exceeding national average, this isRead MoreA Short Note On The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1278 Words   |  6 Pagesnatural process and transfor mation of other type of content (Martin, 2011). It is also called referencing an original idea that has previously been produced. In essence, it is to take an original work of art and turn it into a whole new idea or artistic style. The following essay will explore of how intertextuality is used in Baz Lurhmann’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†. â€Å"The Great Gatsby† movie is based on a well-known book by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, a well-known author that wrote American fiction. Maurer wrote

In What Ways Does Philip Larkin Essay Example For Students

In What Ways Does Philip Larkin Essay In what ways does Larrikin poetry show his attitude to death? In Phillip Larrikin poetry there is a profound sense of unease about death. Larkin, throughout his poetry, obviously contemplates the inevitable end that is death. In his poetry Larkin uses great observational skills, noting and writing about everyday circumstances in cinematic detail. With death, though, Larkin has nothing to observe. He cannot draw any precise conclusions about something that he has not directly experienced. I think, therefore, that Larkin shows a fear of death through his poetry, but also a deep fascination with It. I intend to show Larrikin attitude to death through a number of his poems. In these poems Larkin certainly does show a fascination with death, but hopefully I will also show that Larrikin attitude is not completely negative and that Larkin may see that death can have a redeeming end. The first poem from my selection that I will use Is -Ambulances, a poem where even the title suggests relation to death. In -Ambulances the emphasis is definitely placed upon death, the first line actually hints upon Larrikin attitude to death. He begins by setting a very somber image within the readers mind, saying Closed like infestations : An almost dooming phrase. The instant image given by this one line is dread. Most people dread going to confession and the thought of disclosing ones secrets and sins can make It seem even more daunting. Larkin actually had no love for religion, In fact It was quite the opposite, and the comparison made between ambulances and confessionals can actually be seen as an attack on ambulances, showing that they are a front, concealing the inevitable. The comment upon the path that they take they thread Loud noons of cities may be used to represent death Ewing everywhere, and like a thread it is woven into our lives. One may also see a religious reference within this phrase, showing that God who Is supposedly with us always Is now replaced with death looming over us. Even amongst the vibrancy and lively atmosphere of the city, perhaps even a rush hour, death soul looms. We see Larrikin great observation; he almost absorbs everything he sees, giving back None of the glances they absorb. Light glossy grey, arms on a plaque. Larkin sees as ambulances as representing death, which takes life, carrying It off but never returning It. He also shows not only his own fascination with death, but also the fascination all people have. Whenever people see the ambulance they immediately stare. The imagery of death as Light glossy grey, arms on a plaque and They come to rest on any Kerr creates an impression upon the reader making them look at their own bleakly honest when he says All streets in time are visited This clearly shows that death is also common in all places and paints a picture for the reader to understand. Then children strewn on steps or road, Or women coming from the shops Past smells of different dinners Larkin takes everyday chores experiences and relates them to death, showing how commonplace death is. The image of children being strewn reflects the randomness of death. An image is evoked from the reader of bodies scattered and strewn after death has finally re ached them. Even the youthful cannot escape death, children are susceptible. E A wild white face that overtones Red stretcher blankets moment As it is carried and stowed The use of enjambment rushes the reader through the lines and ivies a sense of panic at the sight of this person being taken away. The use of the rod -stowed shows that the body is Just like an object being stowed away, an unimportant -thing. Larkin then describes death as the solving emptiness. Life is seen as having such a meaningless nature and that death is there and Lies Just under all we do. Death constantly threatens us in everything we do. This shows the fragility of human life. And for a second get it whole, So permanent and blank and true. This truth is inescapable, the repetition of and drags out this whole meaning. The utter truth is that death is forever, like the ambulances, we do not return. Larkin shows that people hind of death, but when they see the truth that death holds it frightens them and they place it in the back of their minds. This is shown when he says The fastened doors recede These fastened doors are the doors of the mind closed to what they dont want to know, what they cannot possibly comprehend. The Poetr of Wilfred Owen (Speech) EssayLarkin also relates to us how trapped he feels in the hospital and how Far past these doors are rooms, and rooms past those And more rooms yet, each one further off And harder to return from The distance between the outside and the rooms within the hospital seems greater than any physical distance, the freedom of the outside :out to the car park, free seems to be slipping away like time, into he past, like a cherished memory: :outside seems old enough. His desperation for this freedom is so immense that he even plots, in his mind, the route he took to the hospital. He states that we are lulled into a false sense of security and fears that he may never get out. touching dream to which we are lulled But wake from separately We are -lulled into this false sense of security, this dream that we wake from -separately, isolated and alone. He seems to pity those who, without realizing it, may have to stay for a longer period than they think, they : Join the unseen congregations :old, nouns; crude facts of the only coin this place accepts The only way of being accommodated here is to be sick. His attitude of inevitable death is shown again: All know they are going to die Not yet, perhaps not here, but in the end, And somewhere like this. He then goes on to describe life as a cliff we climb towards death and how death cannot be overcome. We may try to lighten the dark by bringing gifts, but they are merely wasteful gestures because death is so inevitable and final. Larrikin attitude to death, here, sees it as totally negative, we also see this view in his poem The Explosion, where Larkin takes the form of a third person, describing an incident which claims the lives of several miners in a rural community. Here, Larkin takes the role off narrator and in this poem his view of death is more sanguine than it is in other poems. He does not express thoughts and feelings as much and I feel this shows how impersonal death really is. The poem has three distinct sections: before the explosion, the moment of the explosion and its aftermath. The first line arouses a feeling of expectation; On the day of the explosion We know that from the beginning f this poem that the explosion, and therefore death, is imminent. There is also a hint of Kinship that Larkin may have held for the men in the pits. He makes the men seem real by talking about Fathers, brothers, nicknames, laughter which makes the reader feel the humanity of the men and therefore sympathies with them. These men were ordinary people with their own fears, even a fear of death. Even though these characters were killed in the explosion Larkin has tinged the ending of the poem with hope, because for an instant the love between the dead and their loved nest was so strong that it overcame death itself, allowing the loved one to see each other one last time. Wives saw men of the explosion Larkin strangely endorses the idea of an afterlife even though he was an atheist. The Explosion ends on an optimistic note. The final line tells us of how one of the dead miners shows The eggs unbroken. These eggs are a symbol telling us not to lose hope, for even though we may die, nature and life will always carry on. It is set apart from the rest of the poem and can therefore be So far, 1 have looked at Larrikin dread, fear, curiosit y and overall negative reaction to death. I think it is possible that Larkin may have also found a somewhat positive and redeeming aspect of death in his poem An Roundel Tomb. This poem tells of a dead earl and his wife the countess who were buried together in a tomb. Their tomb has become, through time, a tourist attraction because of the great likenesses formed from stone of their bodies. Larkin, again with his keen observational eye, looks upon statues and is shocked to find proof of hope and positivist. It meets his left hand gauntlet, still Clasped empty in the other,. And One sees, with a sharp tender shock, His hand withdrawn holding her hand. This chivalrous sight surprisingly hits a tender chord with Larkin, this is surprising due to his predominantly pessimistic views.

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

What causes poverty an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

What causes poverty? Wherever and whenever a flash of the new view of poverty is found, there is found also growing interest in its causes. This interest increases with the persuasion that it is not desirable that there should always be a certain number of men bare and hungered and in prison, even for the sake of giving some other men the privilege of dressing and feeding and visiting them (Gilder 1993). Just after poverty is recognized to be undesirable, from the point of view of both rich and poor, the question emerges whether it is inevitable. Any endeavour to answer this question includes logically an investigation into the reasons for the existence of poverty, but as a matter of experience this attempt seems to be neglected. We are unwilling to admit that anything in the economy of the world to which we seriously object must be helplessly endured. With the formulation of the question we face the problem how poverty may be reduced and obviated. With purpose to do this, however, we are again driven to investigate its causes. Need essay sample on "What causes poverty?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed International debt owed by the poorest countries takes the needful cash away from health, education and economic development (Macarov 2003). Often the initial debt money was stolen by corrupt governments, or perhaps spent on useless operations without proper consultation or agreement. And though the original amount has been paid back many times over, the debt keeps increasing because of the high interest rates involved. Debt is an effectual tool. It assures access to other peoples' raw materials and infrastructure on the cheapest likely terms. Dozens of countries must contend for shrinking export markets and can export only a bounded range of products because of Northern protectionism and their lack of cash to invest in diversification. Market saturation ensues, reducing exporters' income to a bare minimum while the North has big savings. Many developing nations are in debt and poverty partially due to the policies of international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (Macarov 2003). Their programs have been intensively criticized for a long time for resulting in poverty. In addition, for developing or third world countries, there has been a growing dependency on the richer nations. This is in spite of the IMF and World Banks claim that they will lower poverty. Following an ideology known as neoliberalism, and leaded by these and other organisations known as the Washington Consensus, Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs) have been set to ensure debt repayment and economic debt rescheduling. But the way it has occurred has demanded poor countries to reduce spending on things like health, education and development, while debt repayment and other economics policies have been made the seniority. The IMF and World Bank-prescribed structural adjustment policies have implied that nations that was lent money hove done so on condition that they cut social expenditure (such as health and education) in order to pay back the loans (Gilder 1993). Many are bounded to opening up their economies and being originally commodity exporters in such a way that poor countries have found themselves in a spiralling race to the bottom as each nation contends against others to present lower standards, reduced wages and cheaper resources to corporations and richer nations. This has enlarged poverty and dependency for most people. It also forms a background to what we today call globalization. Around the world, disparity is growing, while the world is further globalizing. Even the wealthiest nation has the largest gap between rich and poor corresponded to other developed nations. In many cases, international politics and some interests have led to a deviation of available resources from domestic needs to western markets. Historically, politics and power play by the elite leaders and rulers has enlarged poverty and dependency. These have often disclosed themselves in wars, hot and cold, which have frequently been trade and resource-related. Mercantilist practices, while termed free trade, still occur today. Poverty is consequently not just an economic issue, it is also an issue of political economics. Many people who are interested about the destiny of the world's poor now attribute their plight to globalization. They argue that globalization has depleted the position of poor countries and exposed poor people to bad competition. This concern is understandable, particularly since the gap between rich and poor has indeed become more vivid in recent decades (Macarov 2003). Specifying how globalization influences the economic status of countries or individuals is not easy. The effects of globalization may be the result of competition among workers, or foreign investment, or trade, or government borrowing. There is no singular measure of integration into the world economy. Each perspective of integration can have variable effects. Poverty can be measured in various ways-for instance, connected to a country's average, by consumption capacity, or in terms of general well-being. Many people in many places historically have been poor for many reasons. Classifying (increases in) poverty to globalization therefore requires proving that globalization has become a dominating factor in producing a new kind of poverty. By common consent, globalization has originated rapidly since the 1980s. Yet accordingly to the recent Global Poverty Report, the proportion of the world population living in poverty has increased from 26% in 1988 to 29% in 1998 (Macarov 2003). Moreover, social indicators for many poor countries also show change for the worth over several decades. If globalization causes poverty, then countries that become more economically united via trade and investment should do worse. But some that have become more united into the world economy, such as China, have made progress. Others, for instance in sub-Saharan Africa, that have remained comparatively isolated have experienced diminutions. Such overall differences do not settle the issue, since many other factors may play the role, but they do cast some doubt on the general argument. There is sufficient evidence that the gap between the richest and poorest countries, and between the richest and poorest groups of people in the world, has enlar ged (Gilder 1993). But disparity may increase without a growth in poverty rates, for example if globalization increases opportunities for the wealthy faster than for the poor. Since increasing wealth may be due to many causes, exhibiting that the rich get richer because the poor get poorer is trickier than recording and lamenting the fact of inequality as such. One attribute of arguments connecting globalization and poverty is the generalization from particular instances of impoverishment to grand global developments. When governments assume debt in private capital markets and decreasing world demand for their commodities depresses prices and they look for funds from the IMF to repay loans and they agree to conditions for internal reform and these conditions setting suffering on their people, it is tempting to conclude that therefore "globalization" causes poverty (Gilder 1993). A knowledge of the causes of poverty is of importance in two ways. It is equally valuable in helping the individual nations that needs assistance and in planning movements for the improvement of social conditions. Every excursion after causes confirms our hasty intuitive conclusion, because the causes themselves are found to be controllable; and every confirmation of the belief that poverty is useless sends us out again to search among causes for our points of attack. Nowadays the purpose of many mass demonstrations is to protest against the current form of globalization, which is seen as unaccountable, corporate-led, and non-democratic and to show the connection with poverty due to the various policies of the IMF and World Bank. It further shows the links between huge odious debt and poverty in the developing countries with the effects of the current forms of globalization that causes poverty amongst a vast majority of people around the world. Works Cited Macarov, David. What the Market Does to People: Privatization, Globalization, and Poverty. Clarity Press, 2003. Gilder, George. Wealth & Poverty. Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1993. Gilbert, Geoffrey. Adam Smith on the Nature and Causes of Poverty. Review Of Social Economy, Vol. 55, 1997. Sawhill, Isabel V. The Behavioral Aspects of Poverty. Public Interest. Fall 2003.

Monday, March 16, 2020

The Lead Cup Myth

The Lead Cup Myth Some time ago, a popular email hoax spread misinformation about the use of lead cups in the Middle Ages and The Bad Old Days.   Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would sometimes knock them out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial. They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up - hence the custom of holding a wake. The Facts Lead poisoning is a slow, cumulative process and not a fast-acting toxin. Furthermore, pure lead was not used to make drinking vessels. By the 1500s pewter had, at most, 30 percent lead in its makeup.1  Horn, ceramic, gold, silver, glass and even wood were all used to make cups, goblets, jugs, flagons, tankards, bowls and other items to hold liquid. In less formal situations, people would forgo individual cups and drink straight from the jug, which was usually ceramic. Those who overindulged in liquorto the point of unconsciousnessgenerally recovered within a day. The consumption of alcohol was a popular pastime, and coroners records are filled with reports of accidentsboth minor and fatalthat occurred to the inebriated. Although it was difficult for people in the 16th century to define death, proof of life could typically be determined by whether or not the person was breathing. It was never necessary to lay out hung-over carousers on the kitchen table and wait to see if they woke upespecially since poorer folk often had neither kitchens nor permanent tables. The custom of holding a wake goes back much further than the 1500s. In Britain,  wakes  appear to have origins in Celtic custom, and was a watch over the recently-deceased that may have been intended to protect his body from evil spirits. The Anglo-Saxons called it a lich-wake from the Old English lic, a corpse. When Christianity came to England, prayer was added to the vigil.2 Over time, the event took on a social character, where family and friends of the deceased would gather to bid them farewell and enjoy food and drink in the process. The Church tried to discourage this,3 but the celebration of life in the face of death is not something humans easily relinquish. Notes: 1. pewter   Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica  Accessed April 4, 2002]. 2. wake  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica[Accessed April 13, 2002]. 3. Hanawalt, Barbara, The Ties that Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 240. The text of this document is copyright  ©2002-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website.

Saturday, February 29, 2020

Challenges of education in a multicultural environment

Challenges of education in a multicultural environment The problems often encountered by teachers and students in these case can be: Problems of communication breakdowns between staff and students because of poor foreign language ability and pronunciation of the English language used within the school. Cultural differences between students or between the student and the teacher (what is common and normal in one culture it is not acceptable in another). The lack of knowledge of different cultures, which leads to misunderstandings concerning students’ manners. Lecturer needs to be open to other cultures and to try to familiarize the students with the differences between the patterns of behavior of the representatives of various nationalities, sub-cultures, etc. The role of the teacher is vital because the teacher is the person who builds the atmosphere during the class. Teacher must be prepared to effectively facilitate learning for every individual student, no matter how culturally similar or different they are. As an educator, it is important to have a dual responsibility to engage in a critical and continual process to examine how the socializations and biases inform my teaching and thus affect the educational experiences of the students. Teachers have a responsibility to themselves to examine the lenses through which they understand the people and happenings around them. Only when they have a sense for how their own perceptions are developed in relation to their life experiences they will begin to understand the world and effectively navigate their relationships with the people around them. To be an effective and successful teacher means that we must be in a constant process of self-examination and transformation in order to fit the needs and also be on the same track with the trends. Also far of a great importance are the transformation of schools and schooling. Student-centered pedagogy is an important task that teachers should take into account. Students’ experiences and opinions must be brought to the center of the classroom, making learning active, interactive, relevant, and engaging. Traditional teaching approaches and pedagogical models should remain to the past. All aspects of teaching and learning in schools must be focused and dedicated to the students. The accent should be placed on critical thinking, learning skills, and deep social awareness. Pedagogy must provide all students with the opportunity to reach a certain level of maturity. All curricula must be analyzed and even transformed and everything to be presented from diverse perspectives, corners and views. All in all we can conclude that teaching may be very difficult and at the same time enjoyable and attractive. The problems, the challenges and all the difficulties it brings may have a great contribute and inflict in the personal and professional growth of the teachers that deal with this environment. Among the positive things and the advantages that may result from it are the self-preparation, capability, skills, proficiency and the experience that adds values to the curriculum of the teacher and prepares him to reach an international level in every means of his or her persona. The relation between culture and language is very strong and it is hard to exist divided from one another. So, this makes important culture in teaching English in order to make students have a clearer picture and better understanding toward many things.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Websites search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Websites search - Essay Example It is very helpful in the provision of details concerning family and community involvement in children programs. Fine: Family Involvement Network of Educators provided at Harvard Family Research Project (http://www.hfrp.org/) has a lot of resources and publications concerning family involvement that can be employed in classrooms for instructing. The site is very supportive as it provides a lot of publications collectively at one place. National Coalition for Parent Involvement in Education (http://www.ncpie.org/) is an informative site that contains a lot of information regarding family and development, family-community organizations, family-education organizations and parents and families. This can be used for teaching in classrooms by reading and facilitating parents with the reading material. National Center for Family and Community Connections with Schools (http://www.sedl.org/connections/) contains family and community based researches and practical works informing about how students at schools can be supported by families and communities. It will be helpful in classroom instructions because it contains a huge collection of resources concerning family and community connections with schools. LDonline (http://www.ldonline.org/educators) is a website that gives detailed data related to disability and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). The site is very useful in terms of its informative material. The site is rich with information concerning learning about disabilities and ADHD. Information can be retrieved from this site in order to help out students in terms of instruction concerning disabilities. BC Ministry of Education: Special Education (http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/) contains resource documents and policies concerning education of special children. Hence, this site contains a huge amount of data of resource documents concerning students with disabilities. The information provided at this site can be

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 60

Marketing - Essay Example One of the basic underlying concept of public relation is that maintaining a better relation always help the company achieve sustainable competitive advantage and the relation can be converted to customer loyalty as well. It is because a public is any group that has an actual as well as potential interest in the company and is able to impact company’s ability to achieve its objectives (Kotler and Keller, p. 593). Normally, there is public relation department or management who is responsible to take necessary steps to manage successful relations with the main public groups. The public relation department is to monitor the attitudes of the public it targets and thus distribute brand and other relevant messages and communication with a view to hold a competitive edge in brand loyalty as well. The major public relations functions are detailed below: 1- Press Relation or Press Agency: The Public relation department is expected to create and place all the newsworthy information, news, events etc in the news media. This helps the company maintain a long-term reputability of the company among its public. Some of the companies pass most of the information regarding their special events, programs and other activities to press, for instance, and consumers and other publics get updated when they see the news. For instance, press release of CSR and other news of Apple Inc, Nokia inc and so on. 2- Product Publicity: The public relation management will be engaged in publicizing the information regarding the product or service the markets to its customers. The main public group being targeted for this is customers. 4- Investor Relations: Shareholders are most important public groups and maintaining a better relationship with them is critical to company’s financial strength. The Public relation department is to maintain relationship with the shareholders and for this purpose they will always be updated with company information through mails,

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Les Miserables :: essays papers

Les Miserables "Les Miserables" is about a man, Jean Valjean, who has just been released from the galleys after 19 years of imprisonment. He is in search of food and shelter, but all the taverns and inns in D----- have rejected him, because he is a former convict. He then meets a woman in front of the church who tells him to go to the house where the bishop lives. Although the bishop knows Valjean is a convict, he takes him in, and gives him food and shelter. However, Valjean is still tempted to steal from the bishop. He takes his silverware, and flees. Valjean is caught by the police, and forced to return to the bishop's house. The bishop gives Valjean a second chance, by telling the police that the silverware was a gift, and giving him the silver candlesticks in addition. Valjean is instructed to start a new life as an honest man. In M---- sur M----, Valjean invents a new manufacturing process, and earns a great fortune. He has his own factory, and has been elected Mayor Madeline, a new name, to begin a new life. In his factory, works a woman, Fantine, who has given up her child so that she could work to begin a new life, as well. Her daughter, Cosette, was left with the Thenardiers. She was treated terribly, and was forced to eat under the table, with the dog. Meanwhile, Javert, an officer in the galleys where Valjean served, denounces Valjean, because he claims he recognizes him as a former convict. However, he later changes his point of view, claiming that he has found the real Valjean, who is being charged with stealing a branch off an apple tree. Valjean could not live knowing that someone else may be charged more harshly because of the crimes he had committed in the past. Valjean announced his true identity to save the man. He returned to his factory to collect all his money, and then to escape from the police. Javert eventually caught Valjean. At this time, Fantine, who was deathly sick, thought that Valjean had brought Cosette to her. When Javert arrested Valjean, Fantine died. Valjean was sent to the galleys again, but escaped, by faking his death.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Accountability in the Us Army

In the US Army, accountability is a key factor that everyone should be aware of. To be accountable means to be dependable. In order to be accountable, you must arrive on time to PT, formation, work, appointments, etc. It is mainly concentrated on three things: custody, care, and safekeeping. If you make it a point to be accountable 100 percent of the time, then there should be no worries of where you are, if you are in trouble, or if anything is wrong. Accountability is something that the Army does not take lightly. It should never be taken lightly due to the fact that it is a possibility your life could be at stake.What is accountability? â€Å"Accountability is the obligation of an individual or organization to account for its activities, accept responsibility for them, and to disclose the results in a transparent manner. † The DOD definition states that accountability is the obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping ac curate record of property, documents or funds. This may include the responsibility of money, property, documents, NVG's, clothes, a vehicle, TA-50, a field manual, medication, etc.Not only is it considered that, it is also knowing that a soldiers physical and mental needs are taken into consideration so they are able to be more functional as a unit. It is taking responsibility for your actions. Meaning what you say and doing what you say. Why is accountability important to the Army? It is important to the Army because it allow people to know where you are. When you have accountability for everyone, it is easier to track down people when they are needed to do a certain task. Not only is accountability important for people, but it is also important for the safekeeping of documents, gear, weapons, etc.If someone or something is not accounted for, then there is a possibility that something serious could be wrong or something could have happened. This is the reason why the Army has accou ntability formations; so that everyone and everything is safe and accounted for. The Army wants to make sure their soldiers are safe at all times whether it be in the states or over seas which is why they do not take accountability lightly. As an enlisted soldier, it is my responsibility to keep track of all items that are issued to me.An NCO on the other hand is responsible for making sure that soldiers and equipment. A lot of money is spent on military equipment, so the Army expects to know where it is at all times. Without accountability, things could turn into complete and utter chaos. There are many ways to establish accountability. Having everyone’s phone number is the main one. When you have everyone’s phone number, then you have a way of getting in contact with someone. Therefore, it makes accountability a lot easier than it would be if you did not have a way of keeping in contact.Another way to establish accountability is the buddy system. When someone is assi gned a buddy, then they are in charge of that certain person to make sure everything is going as planned and to keep track and make sure everything is ok. Accountability does not stop with the Army. It is essential in the civilian life also. When you have a job as a civilian, you are still expected to be on time for work whether it be when you first get there or after you take a lunch break, etc. In order to be successful in the civilian world, you have to be depended on to be accountable at work.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Correlations Between Alumni Giving Rates And Graduations Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1134 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Education Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The data suggests that the distribution of percentage Alumni donation rate is normally distributed with estimated mean of 29 and standard deviation of 13.44. Scatter plot of Alumni giving rate and Graduation rate. The plot suggests a statistically significant [F(1,46) = 61.3, P lt; .001) positive correlation of .756 between graduation rate and alumni donation rate. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Correlations Between Alumni Giving Rates And Graduations Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The higher the graduation rate, the higher the alumni donation rate. The alumni donation rate ranged from 7% (University of California Davis of CA) to 67% (Princeton University of NJ) with a mean of 29.3% (SD 13.4) whereas graduation rate ranged from 66% (University of Texas Austin of TX) to 97% (Harvard University of MA) with a mean of 83% (SD 8.6). The regression equations giving the average relationship between the variables are: Alumni donation rate: -68.8 + 1.2 times graduation rate. I.e. Donation rate increases 1.2% on an average for every 1% increase in graduation rate. Variation in graduation rate could explain 57% variation in Alumni giving rate. Scatter plot of Alumni giving rate and percentage of classes under 20 The percentage of classes under 20 ranged from 29 (U. of Illinois-Urbana Champaign of IL) to 77 (Yale University of CT) with a mean of 55.7 (SD13.2). There is positive correlation (r = .646, F(1,46) = 32.9, P lt; .001) between the variables and the average relationship is expressed as: Alumni giving rate (%) = -7.4 + 0.66 times percentage of classes under 20. i.e. every 1% increase in percentage of classes under 20 increase the Alumni donation rate by 0.66%, on an average. Variation in percentages of classes under 20 explains 41.7% variation in Alumni donation rate. Relationship between Alumni donation rate and student/faculty ratio The Student/Faculty ratio ranged from 3 (California Institute of Technology of CA) to 23 (University of Florida of FL) with an average of 11.5 (SD 4.9). The observed correlation coefficient of -.742 does suggests a negative association between the variables at the population level [F(1,46) = 56.5, P lt; .001). Mathematical expression modeling the average relationship between the variables is: Alumni donation rate = 53 2.1 times Student/faculty ratio. Every unit increase in the student/faculty ratio brings down the alumni donation by 2.1%, on an average. Variation in st udent/faculty ratio could explain 55.1% variation is Alumni donation rate. Distribution of Alumni giving rate (%) in colleges from the East and the West The difference in the mean of percentage of Alumni donation rate in colleges from the East (n= 25, Mean = 35.0, SD = 11.7) and the West (n = 23, Mean = 23, SD = 12.5) is statistically significant (t(46) = 3.44; P = .001). Thus, the alumni from colleges in the East donate more often than their counterparts from colleges in the West. Question 2 The correlation between student/faculty ratio and Alumni giving rate (%) is strongly correlated (r = -.742). The estimated regression equation is: Alumni giving rate = 53.014 2.057  ´ student/faculty ratio. Regression equation gives the mean of alumni giving rate for a given value of student /faculty ratio. Therefore, at a student/faculty ratio of 15, the average alumni giving rate = 53.014 2.057  ´15 = 22.159. Standard error of this estimate is given by and has 46 (48 2) d.f. Here, sy.x = = 9.1 and x = 15. Hence SE = = 9.1  ´ 0.178 = 1.62. [Since variance = 23.53, = 47 ´23.53)}. The question whether by keeping student/faculty ratio at 15, we could make the alumni giving rate at 50% is equivalent to testing whether the estimated mean alumni rate at student faculty ratio of 15 = 50 (H0:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­ =  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­0) against H1:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹50. Therefore the test statistic t = (22.159 50)/9.1 = -3.06 follows t distribution with 46 d.f. The two tailed probability (P-value) for |t| = 3.06 is .0037. Since the P-value is less than the conventional level of 5%, we reject the null hypothesis. i.e., by keeping student/faculty ratio at 15, we cannot make the alumni giving rate at 50%. Alternatively, the inference can be made from the scatter plot of alumni giving rate with student / faculty ratio with fitted regression line (average alumni rate for the student / faculty rate) and the 9 5% CI for the estimate. The value 50 for alumni giving rate is way outside the confidence interval at student/faculty ratio of 15. hence Prof Jimmys claim that alumni giving rte of 50% could be achieved by keeping student/faculty ratio at 15 could easily be rejected. In fact, even for the lowest student/faculty ratio reported in the study of 3, the estimated alumni giving rate is only 46.8%. The estimated alumni giving rates for student/faculty ratio of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 are 42.7, 32.4, 22.2, 11.9 and 1.6, respectively. Question 3 The location was coded as East = 1 and West = 0 for doing regression. The regression coefficient of location is the average difference in the alumni giving rate of East compared to West. The estimated regression equation is: Alumni giving rate = -16.47 + 0.689  ´ graduation rate + 0.018  ´ % of classes under 20 1.192  ´ student/faculty ratio + 2.526  ´ location. The contribution of graduation rate (+) and student /faculty ratio (-) towards alumni giving rate is statistically significant and all the variables together explains 70.7% variation in alumni giving rate.. Question 4 Executive summary Alumni donations are an important source of revenue for privately funded Universities. It is important to study factors that could enhance the percentage of alumni who make a contribution and implement policies accordingly. Previous studies indicated that students with good contact with teachers have better chances of graduation. Prof Jimmy Michael, President of the University, collected data from 48 top Universities in US to study relationship between alumni giving rate (AGR) and factors like student/faculty ratio (SFR), % of classes under 20 (PC20), graduation rate (GR) and location of the University. The Universities in the East and West was almost equally represented in the sample (25 from East and 23 from West). The AGR ranged from 7% (University of California Davis) to 67% (Princeton University) with a mean of 29.3% (SD 13.4). GR ranged from 66% (University of Texas Austin) to 97% (Harvard University) with a mean of 83% (SD 8.6) and was positively correlated (r = .756) w ith AGR. Simple regression analysis suggested that AGR increases by 1.2% on an average for every 1% increase in GR and the contribution was statistically significant. PC20 ranged from 29% (U. of Illinois-Urbana Champaign) to 77% (Yale University) with a mean of 55.7 (SD13.2). The data showed a positive and statistically significant correlation (r = .646) with AGR. The contribution of PC20 to the AGR estimated from simple linear regression was 0.66% for every 1% increase in the PC20. SFR ranged from 3 (California Institute of Technology) to 23 (University of Florida) with an average of 11.5 (SD 4.9). The observed correlation coefficient of -.742 with AGR was statistically significant and simple regression analysis suggested every unit increase in the SFR brought down AGR by 2.1%, on an average. The data suggested that alumni from colleges in the East (mean AGR 35%, SD 11.7) donated more often than their counterparts from colleges in the West (mean AGR 23%, SD 12.5) and the d ifference was not a chance finding. The individual contribution of the four factors was assessed by multiple regressions. Statistically significant contributions came from GR and SFR. Higher GR and lower SFR increased AGR with similar relative importance. The estimated AGR (%) with SFR of 10 and GR (%) of 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95 was 21.3, 25.1, 28.9, 32.7, 36.5 and 40.2, respectively. With an SFR of 15, the figures were 15.1, 18.9, 22.7, 26.4, 30.2 and 34.0, respectively. It may not be economically feasible to bring down the SFR beyond say, 10 and it is more important to increase the GR.